Abstract: Inflammation plays an important role in the development of numerous diseases, of which nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptors protein 3(NLRP3) signaling-pathway is a key component. NLRP3 can trigger inflammation by self-assembling to form inflammasome to activate casepase-1, which then activates IL-1β and IL-18 precursors. SM934, osteopontin, fenofibrate, MCC950 and resveratrol can reduce the expression of IL-18 and IL-1β by inhibiting the expression of different sites of the NLRP3 signaling pathway (e.g. NF-κB, casepase-1, NLRP3, etc.), thereby achieving the control of oxidative stress and the aim is to control oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and ultimately to treat ophthalmic diseases such as dry eye, diabetic retionpathy and AMD. The research on NLRP3 signalling pathway inhibitors for ophthalmic diseases is still in the early stages of animal models and in vitro experiments,and its application in ophthalmic diseases needs to be further researcheded.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2022, 46: 272-277)

Key words: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptors protein 3, ophthalmic diseases, drug